In this video, I examine cell growth (hypertrophy) and proliferation (hyperplasia), with the content mainly focused on hyperplasia and the cell cycle.
The cell cycle is a sophisticated series of events that cells undergo to duplicate themselves. It's divided into four main phases:
- G1 Phase: The cell grows and synthesises proteins (cells may sit in G0 phase before entering G1).
- S Phase: Chromosomes are duplicated.
- G2 Phase: The cell prepares for mitosis.
- M Phase: Mitosis occurs, and chromosomes are separated into daughter cells.
Most of a cell's life is spent in the interphase, which includes the G1 (G0), S, and G2 phases. This period is crucial for the cell as it performs its regular functions, replicates proteins, synthesises RNAs, and maintains organelles.
The cycle is regulated by the Mitosis-Promoting Factor (MPF), consisting of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk). These proteins are essential for the progression of the cell cycle, particularly in phosphorylating specific amino acids on proteins that need to be activated or deactivated for the cycle to proceed.
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